I have been requested to present my perception of a solution to the painful problem of the unification of all the parties and the trends on a single background. Firstly, I must confess that I have no solution to this question in the way it was presented, nor will there ever be a solution to it.
Wise men throughout time and in every generation have already contemplated this conundrum, yet they have failed to find a natural solution to it, accepted by all parties in the midst of them. Many have suffered, and many are yet to suffer before they find the golden path that will not be in contrast with the trends amidst them.
The difficulty of the matter is that the ideals in a person are unable to yield their tenor whatsoever, as one might yield in matter, as much as it is necessary for one’s bodily existence. Conversely, with ideals, it is the nature of the idealist to sacrifice all that he has for the triumph of his idea. If one must relinquish one’s ideal in even the smallest measure, it is not a full relinquishment. Instead, one keeps a watchful eye for an opportune moment to come and collect his own. Thus, such compromises are untrustworthy.
It is even more so with an ancient nation, with a civilization reaching thousands of years into the past. Its idealism has already developed to a much greater extent than those nations that have only recently evolved. It is quite hopeless that they will come to any compromise in that regard.
It is unwise to think that, in the end, the most just ideal shall triumph over the other ideals. When considering their transient nature, they are all just, for “Every man has his place, and every thing has its time”, as our ancient sages have said.
Hence, ideals are like a wheel that comes full circle. Ideals excluded in ancient times were revived in the Middle Ages, and after they were excluded in the Middle Ages, they reappeared in our generation. This shows us that they are all right, and none of them merits everlasting existence.
Thus, the nations of the world, although this racket is disastrous to them too, still have a strong back, enabling them to bear this terrible burden. Nevertheless, it does post an immediate threat to their existence.
Yet, what must a poor nation do when its very sustenance depends on the remains and bits that the nations gracefully throw them, once they have had their fill. Their backs are too weak to endure the affliction of this racket. Even more so, these perilous times place us at the edge of the abyss. The time is not right for mindless words, for squabble and internal strife.
In accordance with the severity of the hour, I am to propose a true solution, one that I think should be accepted by all parties and unite them as a single unit. However, before I begin with my proposition, I would first like to appease the minds of the readers, as they would certainly want to know my own views regarding politics.
I must admit that I consider the socialistic ideal, which is the concept of just and equal division, as the truest. Our planet is rich enough to provide for all of us, so why this tragic war for life which has been clouding our lives for generations? Let us divide the work and its produce equally among ourselves and end all the troubles.
After all, what joy have even the millionaires among us from their property if not the great confidence in their sustenance for themselves and for their children several generations ahead? In a government of just division, they will also have great confidence, even to a greater extent. If you say that they will not have the prior reverence they had as property owners, that too is nothing, for they will certainly find all that power that they have acquired as property owners on another field, as the gates of competition will never be locked.
Indeed, as truthful as this ideal might be, I do not promise its adherents even a shred of paradise. Quite the contrary, they are guaranteed to have troubles as in hell, as the living proof of Russia has already taught us. However, this does not negate the correctness of this ideal.
Its only demerit is that to us it is unripe. In other words, our generation is not yet ready to accept this government of just and equal division from the moral aspect. This is so because we have not had enough time to evolve sufficiently to accept the motto “from each according to his skills, to each according to his needs.”
This is like the sin of Adam ha Rishon (the First Man). Our ancient sages have explained that it was because he “ate the fruit unripe”, before it ripened sufficiently, and for that tiny misdeed the entire world was sentenced to death. It teaches us that this is the ancestor of every detriment in the world.
People do not know how to mind and watch every thing to see if it has ripened sufficiently. Although the content of a matter may be advantageous, we must delve still more deeply to see if it is ripe, and if the receivers have grown sufficiently to digest it in their intestines. While they still need time to evolve, the truthful and salutary will be turned to harmful and deceitful in their intestines. Thus, they are doomed to perish, for he who eats unripe fruit dies for his sin.
In Light of this, the Russian entanglement has not proven that the socialist ideal is essentially unjust, as they still need time to accept this truth and justice. They are still unqualified to behave accordingly; they are only harmed by their own insufficient development and lack of aptitude for this ideal.
It is worthwhile to lend the ear of the inquisitive: “Why would a politician, a member of the socialist movement, not do as that physicist, who, when faced with impairments in the interpretation he was accustomed to in the iron laws of his theory, did not deter from washing his hands of it?” First, he gently tried to mend it, and finally, when it could no longer face reality, he was prepared to cast it off.
He explains: “In a time of ruin of the international Labor Movement, we must wash away prejudice when facts speak the language of defeat. We must sit at the desk once more and vigorously examine the way and its principals. We must responsibly recognize the burden on the shoulders of those who carry on.
Thus is the way of scientific thought when cornered by contradictions between the new reality and the theory that explained the old reality. Only an ideological breakthrough enables a new science, a new life.
He concludes: “If we do not renounce our conscience, we will declare that the time has come for a fundamental debate, for pains of labor. Now is the time for the leaders of the movement to stand up and answer the question: ‘What is the essence of socialism today? What is the way the corps must follow?’”
I doubt that anyone in the movement would answer his words, or perhaps be prepared to understand his words as they truly are. It is not easy for a hundred year old man who has been so successful in his studies thus far to get up and all at once strike out his past theory, sit at the desk, then resume his studies like that physicist. This is what is required of the leaders of the socialist movement.
Yet, how do you ignore his words? While it is still possible to sit idly regarding the ruin of the international Labor Movement, since they are not facing immediate destruction, they are still secured a measure of life of submissive servants and slaves; it is not so concerning the danger that the Hebrew Labor Movement faces. They are truly facing annihilation under the slogan of the enemy “to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish…little children and women”, as during Queen Esther’s time.
We must not compare our destructive state with the ruin of the movement among the nations of the world. If we were only sold to slavery and servitude, we would keep still, as they do. Yet the security of the life of slaves and servants has been denied to us.
Thus, we must not let the moment pass. We must attend school once more; reexamine the socialist ideal in light of the facts and contradictions that have surfaced in our days. We must not fear from breaking ideological fences; nothing stands in the way of saving lives
For this purpose, we shall briefly review the evolution of socialism from its earliest stages. In general, there are three eras:
The first was a humanistic socialism based on the development of morality. It was aimed solely at the exploiters.
The second was based on the recognition of the just and evil. It was aimed primarily at the exploited, to bring them to realize that the workers are the true owners of the work, and that the produce of society belongs to them.
Since the workers are the majority in society, they were certain that once they realize that they are the just, they would rise as one and take what is theirs, and establish a government of just and equal division in society.
The third is Marxism. Based on Historic Materialism, it succeeded the most. The great contradiction between the creative-forces, which are the workers, and the ones who exploit them, the employers, necessitates that society will ultimately come to peril and destruction. Then the revolution will come in production and dispersion. The capitalistic government would be forced into ruin in favor of the government of the proletariat.
This government was to emerge by itself, by way of cause and consequence. Yet, in order to bring the end sooner still, counsel must be sought to place obstacles before the bourgeois government, to bring the revolution sooner.
Before I come to criticize this method, I must admit his method is the most just of all its predecessors. After all, we are witnessing the great success it had in quantity and quality throughout the world before it came to practical experimentation among the many millions in Russia. Until that time, almost all the leaders of humanity were drawn to it, and this is a true testimony to the justness of his method.
Besides, even theoretically, his words sustain, and no one has been able to contradict his historic stance that, humanity is headed slowly and gradually upward, as if on a ladder. Each step is but the negation of its former, hence each movement and phase that humanity has taken in the political government is but a repudiation of its preceding state.
The duration of every political phase is just as long as it takes to unveil its shortcomings and evil. While discovering its defects, it makes way for a new phase, liberated from these failings. Thus, these impairments that appear in a situation and destroy it are the very forces of human evolution, as they raise humanity to a more corrected state.
In addition, the faults in the next phase bring humanity to a third and better state. Thus, persisting successively, these negative forces that appear in the situations are the reasons for the progress of humanity. Through them it climbs up the rungs of the ladder. They are reliable in performing their duty, which is to bring humankind to the last, most wanted state of evolution, purified of any ignominy and blemish.
In this process, history reveals how the feudal government manifested its shortcomings and was ruined, making way for the bourgeois government. Now it is time for the bourgeois government to display its faults and ruin, and make way for the better government, which, according to his words, is the government of the proletariat.
However, at this last point, where he promises us that after the ruin of the current bourgeois government, a proletariat government will be immediately instituted, here is the flaw in his method: the new reality before our eyes denies it. He thought that the proletariat government would be the next step, and hence determined that by negating the bourgeois government, a proletariat one would be established instantly. Yet, reality proves that the proximate step after the ruin of the present government is that of Nazism or Fascism.
Evidently, we are still enduring a medial phases in human development. Humanity has not yet reached the highest level of the ladder of evolution. Who knows or can assume how many rivers of blood are yet to be spilt before humankind reaches the desired level?
In order to discover a vent for this complication, we must thoroughly perceive the above-mentioned gradual law of evolution upon which he based his entire method. We should know that this law is inclusive for the entire creation; all of nature’s systems are based upon it, organic and inorganic alike, up to the human species with all its idealistic properties, just like the materials.
In all the above there is none that does not obey the iron law of gradual evolution resulting from the racket of these two forces on one another. There is a positive force, meaning constructive, and a negative force, meaning negative and destructive. They create and complement the entire reality in general and particular through their harsh and perpetual war with one another. As we have said above, the negative force appears at the end of every political phase, elevating it to a better state, and thus the phases follow one another until they reach their ultimate perfection.
Let us take planet Earth as an example: first, it was but a ball of fog-like gas. Through the gravity inside it, it concentrated the atoms in it, over a period of time, into a closer circle. As a result, the ball of gas was turned into a liquid ball of fire.
Over eons of terrible wars between the two forces in Earth, the positive and the negative, the chilling force in it was finally triumphant over the force of liquid fire, and cooled a thin crust around the Earth and hardened there.
However, the planet had not yet grown still from the war between the forces, and after some time the liquid force of fire overpowered and erupted in a great noise from the bowels of the Earth, rising and shattering the cold hard crust to pieces, turning the planet into a liquid ball of fire once again. Then an era of new wars began until the cool force overpowered the force of fire once more, and a second crust was chilled around the ball, harder, thicker and more durable against the outbreak of the fluids from amidst the ball.
This time it lasted longer, but at last, the liquid forces overpowered once again and erupted from the bowels of the Earth, breaking the crust in pieces. Once more, everything was ruined and became a liquid ball.
Thus, the eons interchanged, and every time the cooling force was victorious, the crust it made was thicker. Finally, the positive forces overpowered the negative forces and they came into complete harmony: the liquids took their place in the abdomen of the Earth, and the cold crust became thick enough around them to enable the creation of organic life as it is today.
All organic bodies develop by the same order. From the moment they are planted to the end of the ripening, they undergo several hundred situations due to the two forces, the positive and the negative, and their war against each other, as described regarding the Earth. These wars yield the ripening of the fruit.
Every living thing begins also with a tiny drop of fluid, and through gradual development over several hundred phases by the power of the tug-of-war, finally reaches…
…a great ox fitting for every labor, or a grown person fit for his tasks. However, there should be yet another difference between the ox and the human: today, the ox has already reached its ultimate phase of development. For us, however, the material force is yet insufficient to bring us to completion because of the contemplative power in us, which is thousands of time more valuable than the material force in us. Thus, for humans there is a new order of gradual development, unlike any other animal; it is the gradual development of human thought.
In addition, being a social creature, the individual development is not enough. Rather, one’s ultimate perfection depends on the development of all the members of society.
Pragmatic Commune
Literally accepting the religion of “Love thy friend as thyself”.
Just division of the profits. Each person will work according to his ability, and receive according to his needs.
Property is kept, but its owner is forbidden to benefit from it more than is actually needed. One type of property will be kept under public supervisors, another type by self-fiduciary, or books.
The unemployed will receive their needs equally with the employed.
Those who live by the rules of the commune will earn the same wages, worker, and executive alike. The profits made by the communal life will be made into public property belonging to the members of that kibbutz.
There must also be an effort to build communal life for workers in towns.
Advantages: The workers, and even more so those who are afraid of being unemployed, will certainly take the religion upon themselves, thus acquiring security in their life. The idealistic property owners will also accept the religion by indoctrination on a religious basis.
Public opinion must be such that he who takes more than his needs is like a murderer. Because of him, the world would have to continue with the slaughter, the Hitlerian manners, and the terrible wars. Thus, communism would be promoted.
It is possible to make the life of property owners miserable by contracts and strikes, so that they accept the religion since they do not touch their property, only the profits. Since the religion would be international, it will be possible to win the hearts of the Arab neighbors with money and religious influence so that they accept the religion together with us as one unit, and promote it among the Arab workers and property owners.
That, in turn, will benefit Zionism. Because they will accept the religion that necessitates love and bestowal upon all humankind with equal measure, they will not be envious of the robbing of the land, since they will understand that the land is for the Lord. The living standard of the Arabs will be equal to the living standard of the Jews. That will be a great bribery in winning their hearts.
Private Opinion and Public Opinion
There is private opinion, which is one’s judgmental force where all the good and bad actions are copied. One chooses the good and rejects the bad as though looking in a mirror.
There is also a collective intellect among the public, where the good actions for society and bad ones are copied. Public opinion sorts out the ones that are good for it, praises their doers, and condemns those who do otherwise.
From here come idealists, rules and conducts, the opinions and preferences of the public.
The Corruption in Public Opinion
Until today, only the assertive had the judgment and the force to lead, which are the better part. It is they that make public opinion, the law and ethics, and they have also arranged religion to benefit them. Since they exploit the majority of the public, the religion, the law, and ethics are hence detrimental to the public, meaning to the majority.
Bear in mind that the current government of the assertive was quite sufficient until today because the masses did not have any force of judgment. Thus, all the ruin preceding today’s political order were only among the assertive. However, they did not come to the present order within one generation’s time, but through terrible ruin, until they have conceived the religion, the ethics and the law that brought order to the world.
The New Structure
In recent generations, the public has begun to open its eyes and assume responsibility for the management of society by way of socialism and democracy. Thus, they have concluded that their current government is noxious to them, as it is true that it serves the assertive, benefits and enriches them, while being detrimental to all others.
Thus, two forms of collective government emerged:
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Nazism, that has rebelled against religion, and does as the primitive man, prior to the comportment of the assertive.
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The Soviets, where ten percent of the population controls the entire public by dictatorship. This will certainly not last long, in light of the historical dialectic.
If manners are revoked, Israel’s enemies will wipe out everyone. In short, we will necessarily and undoubtedly return to being cave dwellers, until the masses too, the majority, learn the dialectics on their own flesh and bones, as the assertive before them, and finally agree to order.
Thus, Nazism is not a German patent. If we bear in mind that the public is not idealist, then there is no counsel but religion, from which manners and justice naturally emanate, though now it will serve the majority. How so? Certainly, through the religion of bestowal.
The Principle of Bestowal upon One’s Fellow Person
The leadership: commitment to manners and obligation to living standards.
The goal: Adhesion with the Creator.
Nazism is the fruit of Socialism. This is because idealists are few and the true carriers, the workers and the farmers, are egoists. If a preacher such as Hitler were to arise in any nation, saying that National Socialism is more convenient and beneficial to them than Internationalism, why would they not listen to him?
Private Opinion and Public Opinion
The corruption of public opinion is because religion and manners follow:
1. If Nazism and its ruin had been conceived some years back, and if some wise men were to devise a plan to save them through devout religion that would suffice for protection, would it have been forbidden in the name of falsehood?
2. If, after the war, the nations realize that Israel must be dispersed to the four corners, and drive us out of our land, and a certain person would come and reinstate religion so as to stand between us and the nations, thus making them agree to the opposite, that even the Diaspora would come to Israel, would that have been forbidden?
3. If the Nazis, God forbid, prevail and rule the world, and they would want to destroy the residue of Jacob, is it permissible to institute religion among all nations in order to save the nation?
4. Pragmatism: Faith stems from a need; it is true as long as it satisfies that need. Thus, the need is the reason for faith, and the satisfaction of the need is its trueness.
Two needs:
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A material need to establish social life; this is its trueness.
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A mental need, without which life is loathsome; this is Lishma (for Her name).
Of course, the sages of religion come from the mental need, but from Lo Lishma one comes to Lishma (from not for Her name to for Her name). Example: would ancient, primitive humanity, which slaughtered and killed each other like wild animals, permit the institution of a religious government?
5. The course of life:
To bring progress and happiness to society through modern science.
By improving mental powers, one will attain dignity in life and a good name after death.
We must understand: if it is not worthwhile to live for myself, is it worthwhile to live for a thousand others like me, or a billion? Thus, the direction must be to benefit the Creator, whether for oneself, or for the entire world, to attain adhesion with Him. Example: in my childhood I did not want to read novels so as not to deal with lies; I read only history. When I grew up and understood the value of them, that they develop my imagination, they became true to me.
6. True and false are a psychic replica of existence and absence, which are thesis and antithesis, from which stem the “ephemeral truth” which is a synthesis. This is a pragmatic truth, lasting until the “absolute truth” appears, when there will be no falsehood in one’s conscience.
Pragmatic faith: Truth is pragmatic. Dialectically, it is a copy of absence and existence.
The necessity: From the perspective of Lishma (for Her name), it is a mental need. Admittedly, they are but few, for it is written, “saw that the righteous are few… and planted them in every generation,” that they may have claim at birth. However, some abhor material life; if they do not accomplish the goal of adhesion, they will commit suicide.
The religious principle: From Lo Lishma one comes to Lishma (from not for Her name to for Her name). He has made the guidance of the people in an egoistic manner, which would necessarily induce the destruction of the world, unless they accept the religion of bestowal. Hence, there is a pragmatic need for it, and from that, one comes to Lishma.
A mental need: As a blind person cannot see colors, nor a eunuch know the love of sex, so this mental need cannot be described. However, a compelling need, being the acts of the Mitzvot (precepts/commandment), can generate a mental need.
Morality of manners means good attributes not in order to be rewarded, and without external necessity, but based solely on altruism and a sense of responsibility for human society. It is achieved by edification, though edification needs public approval to keep and sustain it after one departs from under the authority of the pedagogy, and public opinion does not stem from the pedagogy, only for the benefit of the public.
The benefit of the public is evaluated only according to the specific state of that public, since it is necessarily in contrast with other states and countries. Hence, how will edification help in that? The proof of it is that the manner, and even the religion, sufficient for internationality, has not been created, so killing and looting rule everywhere. There are no manners. Moreover, the greater murderer one is the more patriotic and well mannered he is considered.
We need international manners today. Public egoism is incorrigible, except through religion, as upbringing based on nothing can easily be ruined by any villain, and Germany is the proof of that. If Hitler were to happen in a religious Germany, he would not have done a thing.
You will not break natural egoism with artificial means such as public opinion and edification. There is no cure for that but a natural religion.
Double benefit: The religion of bestowal is salutary for both the body and the mind; hence, it is agreed and necessitated more than any nonsense in the world.
Three aspects to motivation, or motivating force:
The appealing force;
The compelling force;
How can edification help when one is free, without any motivation for the duties he was brought up on? After all, there is no appealing force to them, and they are devoid of the compelling force.
Disparity of Form
The will to receive that is imprinted upon every creature is in disparity of form to the Creator. Thus, the soul is separated from it as an organ is separated from the body, since disparity of form in spirituality is like a separating ax in corporeality. It is therefore clear that what the Creator wants of us is equivalence of form, at which time we cleave to Him once more, as before we were created.
Our sages said: “Cleave unto His attributes; as He is merciful, so you be merciful.” It means that we are to change our attribute, which is the will to receive, and adopt that of the Creator, which is only to bestow. Thus, all our actions will be only to bestow upon our fellow person and benefit him as best we can.
By that, we come to the goal of cleaving unto Him, which is equivalence of form. what one is compelled to do for oneself, namely the necessary minimum for one’s self and one’s family sustenance is not considered disparity of form, as “Necessity is neither condemned nor praised.” This is the great revelation that will only be revealed entirely in the days of the Messiah. When this teaching is accepted, we will attain complete redemption.
I have already said that there are two ways to discover the completeness: the path of Torah and the path of pain.
Hence, the Creator eventuated and gave humanity technology, until they have invented the atom and the hydrogen bombs. If the total ruin that they are destined to bring is still not evident to the world, they can wait for a third world war, or a fourth one and so on. The bombs will do their thing and the relics after the ruin will have no other choice but to take upon themselves this work, where individuals and nations will not work for themselves more than is necessarily needed for their sustenance, while everything else they do will be for the good of others. If all the nations of the world agree to that, there will no longer be wars in the world; no person will be concerned with his own good whatsoever, but only with the good of others.
This law of equivalence of form is the teaching of the Messiah. It is said about that (Micah 4): “But in the end of days it shall come to pass, And many nations shall go and say: 'Come ye, and let us go up for out of Zion shall go forth the law, And He shall judge between many peoples.” This means, the Messiah will teach them the work of God in equivalence of form. This is the teaching and the law of the Messiah. “And shall prove to mighty nations,” meaning He will prove to them that, if they do not take upon themselves the work of God, then all nations will be destroyed by war. However, if they do accept His law, it is said about that, “and they shall beat their swords into plowshares.”
If you take the path of Torah, all will be well, and if you do not, then you will tread the path of pain. In other words, wars will breakout with atom and hydrogen bombs, and the entire world will seek counsel to escape the war. Then they shall come to the Messiah, to Jerusalem, and He will teach them this law.
Human Attributes
Before I relate to this matter, I will present a short foreword about human attributes, and say that people are divided into two kinds:
Egoists;
Altruists.
Egoists means that all that they do is for themselves. If they ever do something for another, they must have a well-paying reward in return for their work, in money, respect etc.
Altruists, means that they sacrifice all their days for the well-being of others, without any reward. Instead, they always neglect their own needs to help others. Moreover, among them there are such who give their soul and their life for their fellow person, such as those we find among volunteers who go out to war for their country.
We have also found more general altruists, meaning those who give their heart and soul to help the backward of the nations of the world, such as communists, who fight for the benefit of all the nations of the world. They are willing to pay for it with their very life.
Egoism is embedded in the nature of every person, as in any animal. Altruism, however, is against human nature. Yet, a chosen few are imparted this nature; I call them “idealists”. However, the majority of any society or state is made of simple flesh and blood folk, meaning egoists. Only a few, ten percent at most, are the exceptional altruists.
Now I shall come to the point: For the above reason, that altruists are so few in every society, the first communists, before Karl Marx’s time, were unsuccessful in acting toward spreading communism in the world. The saying, follows “A single bird doesn’t make a summer.” In addition, some of them even established communal settlements like the kibbutzim in our country, but they failed because they could not endure.
This happened because all the members of the communal society must be altruistic idealists, as the founders themselves. However, since ninety percent of any society, even the most developed, are egoists, they could not keep up with the comportment of a cooperative society, which is purely altruistic by nature.
This continued until the time of Karl Marx, when a very successful plan for the expansion of communism was devised, namely to incorporate the oppressed themselves in the war of communism, so that they would fight alongside them against the capitalistic bourgeois government. Since the oppressed are only interested in this war for their own good, meaning for egoistic reasons, they immediately accepted the plan, and thus communism spread out among all the levels of the backward and the oppressed. Since the backward are the majority in society, it is no surprise that today, communism encircles a third of the world.
However, this coupling of the altruist communists with the egoistic proletariat, though it was successful in overthrowing the bourgeois government, hateful to both, that coupling still fails to keep a cooperative government with just division. The reason is very simple: a person does not make a move unless there is some purpose that necessitates that movement. That purpose serves as the motivating force to make that move like fuel that moves a machine.
For example, one does not move his hand from one place to another unless he thinks that in the other place he will be more comfortable resting his hand there. That purpose of seeking a more comfortable place for one’s hand is the fuel pushing his hand from this place to the other.
Needless to say, a worker who labors all day must have fuel for the laborious movements he makes. The reward for his work is the fuel that motivates him to his hard work. Thus, if no reward is given for his labor, or if he has no need for that reward, he will not be able to work. He will be like a machine that was not fueled; even the most gullible person in the world will not think that this machine will ever move.
Hence, in a purely communistic regime, where the worker knows that he will not be given more if he works more, or less if he works less, and all the more so in light of the absolute motto, “Each will work according to his skills and receive according to his needs,” the worker will neither be rewarded for his diligence, nor fear his own negligence.
Thus, he would have no fuel to motivate him to work. The labor productivity of the workers would then drop to nil, until they finally ruin the entire regime. No schooling in the world will help in inverting human nature to be able to work without motivation, meaning without reward.
The exception to this rule is the born altruist idealist for whom the best reward is the good of the other. This fuel is entirely sufficient as a motivating force to work, like the egoistic reward for all other people. However, idealists are few, and their number is insufficient for society to base itself on them. Thus, you see that communism and altruism are one and the same.
There are ways to compel workers to complete their share of the work that the supervisors will give them by the same conducts as in a bourgeois government, where each receives according to his productivity. In addition, harsh punishment can be enforced on the negligent, as in soviet countries. However, this is not communism at all. Needless to say, it is not the paradise that the communist regime is hoped to bring about, one worthy of giving one’s life for.
Moreover, a government such as this is far worse than the bourgeois government for unambiguous reasons that I will present below. Had that compulsive government been a step toward the perfect communism, it would still have been accepted and tolerated. However, that is not the case; no training in the world will reverse human nature from egoism to altruism.
Hence, if the compulsive government does not want to transform to a truly cooperative government, the workers will run out of fuel; they will not be able to work and will destroy the government. Thus, egoism and anti-communism are the same, identical.
Moreover, a compulsive communist government is completely impracticable, since a bayonet-dependent government has no right to exist, and the majority will ultimately rise against it and abolish it. The idealist ten percent will never be able to rule over the egoistic ninety percent and the anti-communists. This is what we find in soviet and eastern countries.
Moreover, even that handful of communist idealists that lead these countries today are not guaranteed to stay that way for generations, since ideals are not hereditary. Though the progenitors are idealists, there is no guarantee their progeny will follow.
Thus, how can we be certain that the leadership of the second or third generation will be in the hands of communist idealists as it is today? You might say that the majority will elect them from the public, but this is a grave mistake. The majority of the egoistic public will only elect those that are close to them in spirit, not their opponents.
Moreover, it is common knowledge that today’s leaders were not elected by the public at all. Thus, who would keep the elected representatives, the idealists, among the public? When the egoists are in power, they are sure to revoke that government instantaneously. At the very least, they will turn it into a kind of national communism, “a nation of Lords”.
All I have said, when I proved that communism and altruism are the same, and that egoism and anti-communism are the same, is my own view. However, if you ask the communists themselves, they will deny it vehemently.
They will claim the opposite: “We are far from any bourgeois ethics, we have no sentimentalism. It is only justice that we ask that no man shall exploit another.” In other words, it is according to the measure, “mine is mine, and yours is yours”, which is in fact the attribute of egoism. Hence, I must view the matters from their perception, and review this justice that they seek and devote their souls to.
More General Definitions
Firstly, according to the evolution of the communist governments, I find that the terms “bourgeois” and “proletariat” are no longer sufficient to characterize that economic history. We need more general terms. It is truer to divide society into a status of diligent, and a status of backward. In the bourgeois government, the diligent are the capitalists, and the mediocre and the backward are their workers who labor for them. In the communist regime, the diligent are the managers, the supervisors, and the intellectuals, while the backward are the workers who labor for them.
The majority in every society is always the backward. The diligent are no more than thirty percent of the society. It is a natural law that the diligent breed will exploit the backward breed as best they can, like the fish at sea, where the strong eat the weak. It is inconsequential whether the diligent are capitalists and merchants, as in the bourgeois government, or whether the diligent are the managers and supervisors, the intellectuals and the allotters as in the communist government.
Ultimately, the diligent will exploit the laboring backward to the best of their ability; they will take no pity on them. The diligent will always suck out the butter and the cream, leaving the workers with only the whey. The only questions concern what remains for the workers after the atrocious exploitation by the diligent, and the measure of enslavement the diligent impose on them. It is only according to the measure of the leftovers that the diligent leave for the backward that we are to examine every government, differentiate between the regimes, and choose which one is preferable.
Let us mention once more that one cannot work without any reward that serves as a fuel for the machine. In a non-altruistic communist regime, the workers must be rewarded for their work, and be heavily punished for their negligence.
However, many supervisors are required to watch over them. Without sufficient supervision, the rewards and punishments are certain to suffice for nothing. However, there is no harder work than standing over people and agonizing them, for “no one wants to be a hangman.” Hence, even if you place inspectors, supervisors over the inspectors, and higher still appointed to watch the supervisors, they will all be negligent in their work, and they will not agonize the workers sufficiently.
There is no cure for that except to provide plenty of fuel to the functionaries, sufficient as reward for such hard labor, meaning the work of the hangman. In other words, they must be given several times more than a simple worker.
Thus, you should not be surprised if functionaries in Russia are paid ten to fifty times more than a simple worker; their work is ten to fifty times harder than a simple worker’s is. If they are not sufficiently rewarded, they will be compelled to neglect their office, and the state would be ruined.
Now try to calculate in our country’s currency. Let us say that a simple worker earns a hundred shekels a month. This means that the lowest functionaries will receive a thousand shekels a month, ten times more. Thus, over one year, he will earn twelve thousand shekels, and over ten years, a hundred and twenty thousand shekels.
If we deduct ten percent from that for his sustenance, he will be left with a hundred and eight thousand shekels. It seems that we should consider him a respectable capitalist. It is even more so with the higher officers.
Thus, within a few decades, the officers will become millionaires, at no risk, but strictly through the exploitation of the workers. As I have said, by today’s experience, society should no longer be divided into bourgeois and proletariat, but into the diligent and the backward.
You might say that this is but a phase toward pure communism, meaning that through schooling and public opinion, the public will be tutored until “each will work according to his skills and receive according to his needs.” Then there will be no need for inspectors and supervisors.
This is a great mistake because the motto of each working according to his skills and receiving according to his needs is a strictly altruistic motto. Generally speaking, every person laboring to benefit society without fuel is unnatural, unless altruism is the reason and the fuel for our work, as I have demonstrated.
Thus, we must not hope for a change for the better. Quite the contrary, we must fear that that handful of idealist communists that lead today will not bequeath their leadership to other idealists. The egoistic force of the people will gradually prevail, they will choose a leadership according to their egoistic spirit and will reinstate capitalism. At the very least, they will turn communism into some sort of national communism, a “master nation”, as did Hitler. They will have no inhibitions about exploiting other nations to benefit themselves, if they only have the power.
You might say that through tutoring and public opinion, the nature of the masses can be turned to altruism, but this too is a grave mistake. Tutoring can do no more than public opinion, meaning that the public opinion will respect the altruists and dishonor the egoists.
As long as public opinion sustains altruism by means of respect and ignominy, tutoring will be effective. However, if there comes a time when an experienced and competent speaker will give a daily speech against public opinion, he will undoubtedly succeed in changing public opinion as he wishes.
We already have such bitter experiences in history with that villain who turned a well-mannered people like the Germans into wild animals through his daily speeches. Several hundred years of schooling vanished like a soap bubble, since the public opinion changed, and the schooling had nothing more to rely on, as schooling cannot exist without the public’s support.
Thus, you evidently see that there is no hope to change this compulsive government. There is also no hope that the masses will ever reach the true communism, according to the motto “Each will work according to his skills and receive according to his needs.”
Rather, the workers must remain eternally under the dreadful rod of the managers and the supervisors, while the managers and supervisors will always suck the blood of the workers, as bourgeois capitalists do, if not much worse than they. After all, in the compulsory government of the communists, the workers do not even have the right to strike. Famine and destruction will always hang over their heads, as the Soviet experience teaches. Moreover, if the compulsory government is ever cancelled, society will certainly be ruined instantaneously, for the workers would run out of fuel.
It is said that in a communist regime it is worthwhile for the proletariat to suffer, since they suffer for themselves, as they are the owners of the productive means, the property and the surplus, and no one can exploit them. However, in a capitalist government they only have their daily bread, and all the surplus is given to the capitalists. How lovely these words are on the surface.
Nevertheless, if there were an ounce of truth in these words, they would apply to the diligent, who are the officers and managers, who take all the pleasures of the compulsory regime in any case. Indeed, regarding the proletariat, namely the workers and the backward, these are idle words entirely.
Let us take our own railroads for example. They are state property, meaning the ownership of the railway is in the hands of all the citizens of the country. I ask, do any of us feel our right to ownership of the railroad? Do we have any greater benefit when traveling on a nationalized railway when compared to traveling on a private, capitalistic railway?
We can also take a cooperative owned entirely by the proletariat, like Solel Boneh (a large construction corporation in Israel), owned solely by the workers. Do the workers who work in their own property have any additional benefit than when working for a foreign capitalistic property?
I fear that the one who works for the foreign entrepreneur would feel much more at home than the one working for Solel Boneh, even though he is seemingly a co-owner. Only the handful of managers has the entire ownership, and they do with the national property as they see fit. A private citizen is forbidden even to inquire what they are doing, and for what.
Thus, the proletariat feels no delight in the property of the state and the productive means that is under the hands of the executive and the clerks, who always oppress and humiliate them as though they were dust on the ground. What then is the surplus that they have in the compulsory communist regime, more than their daily bread?
I do not envy the proletariat whatsoever. They are and always will be under the harsh encumbrance of the clerks and inspectors. They can torture them with all sorts of atrocities, oblivious to the world and to public opinion, as all the advertising mediums will be in the hands of the clerks. No one will be able to expose his or her evil deeds in public.
In addition, everyone will be bound under their hands, unable to leave the country and escape them, just as our fathers were locked in Egypt, when no slave could leave there to be free. Because all the workers leave the surplus of the produce for the state, how will they let them go elsewhere, when the state loses their surplus? In a word, a non-altruistic communist regime must always consist of two classes: the diligent, which are the managers, the administration and the intellectuals, and the backward, which are the productive workers, the majority of society.
For the functioning of the state, the breed of the diligent must consciously or compellingly enslave, tantalize, and humiliate the working class, mercilessly and shamelessly. They will exploit them ten times more than the bourgeois exploit them for they will be utterly defenseless, having no right to strike. They will be unable to disclose the evil deeds of the employers in public, and they will take no pleasure at all in the ownership of the productive means that the clerks have acquired.
One more thing, and this is the most important: communism must correct more than just the economic order. It must also ensure the minimal existence of the people in the world. In other words, it is to prevent war so that nations will not destroy each other. I have already screamed like a banshee over it back in 1920, in my book, “The Peace Pamphlet”, warning that wars in our days have come to such proportions that they endanger the life of the entire world.
The only counsel to prevent it is that all the nations adopt the regime of perfect communism, meaning the altruistic. Needless to say, today, after the discovery and use of atom bombs, and the discovery of hydrogen bombs, it is no longer doubtful that after one, two, or three wars, the entire civilization and humanity will be totally ruined, leaving no relics.
Contemporary modern egoism cannot secure peace in the world, for even if all the nations of the world adopt this communist regime, there will still not be a compelling reason for the rich nations in production means, raw materials and civilization, to share the raw materials and productive means equally with the poor nations.
For example, the nations in America will not want to equalize their living standard with the Asian and African nations, or even with the European nations. A single nation might have the power to equalize the living standard of the rich and middleclass - the owners of the productive means - with the proletariat, by inciting the poor masses, being the majority in society, to destroy the rich and middleclass and take their property. However, that counsel will not be of any use in compelling a wealthy nation to share its property and means of production with a poor nation, as the rich nation has already prepared arms and bombs to safeguard itself from its poor neighbors.
Thus, what good did the communistic government do in the world? It leaves without any relief a state of envy among the nations just as in the capitalistic regime, A just division within each nation for itself is of no assistance whatsoever to just division among the nations.
Hence, while the very life is endangered, it is a waste of time to improve the economic government. They would be better off using that time seeking counsel to save the very life of all mankind.
Thus, you see that the trouble with today’s communist regime is the lack of adequate reward, which is the fuel for the productive force of the workers. Hence, it is impossible to employ them successfully except with the fuel of reward and punishment.
Hence, inspectors, supervisors, and managers are needed to take upon themselves to make their lives endlessly bitter with hardship and enslavement. In return for this hard work, they must also be given adequate reward, which is no less than turning them into millionaires, for they will not want to live the life of hangmen of their own free will for any less than that, as we see in the Soviet country.
In addition, we must not hope for this reign of terror to ever end, as the optimists promise. Neither bayonets nor tutoring nor public opinion would be able to change human nature to work willingly without adequate fuel.
Hence, it is a curse for generations. When the compulsory government is revoked, the workers will no longer yield a produce that will suffice for the sustenance of the state. There is no cure for that, except to bring faith in spiritual reward and punishment from above into the hearts of the workers, from He who knows all mystery.
Thus, by the right edification and advertisement, the spiritual reward and punishment will be sufficient for the produce of their work. They will no longer need managers and supervisors over their shoulders, but each and every one will work willingly and wholeheartedly for society, to win his or her reward from above. gnosic
The Positive
1. Communism is an ideal, meaning it is moral. The goal “to work according to one’s ability and receive according to one’s needs” testifies to that.
2. Every moral must have a basis that necessitates it; education and public opinion are a very unsound basis, and the proof of that is Hitler.
3. Because any concept of the majority is sure to triumph, it is needless to say that the carrying out of the corrected communism is by the majority of the public. Thus, they must establish the moral level of the majority of the public on a basis that will necessitate and guarantee that the corrected communism will never be corrupted. The preordained ideal in humans is insufficient, as too few posses it, and they are insignificant compared to the majority of the public.
4. Religion is the only basis assured to raise the level of the collective to the moral level of “working according to ability and receiving according to need.”
5. Communism must be turned away from the concept, “What’s mine is mine and what’s yours is yours”, which is sodomite rule, to the concept, “What’s mine is yours and what’s yours is yours”, meaning absolute altruism. When the majority of the public accepts this rule de facto, it will be time to “work according to ability and receive according to need.” The sign would be that everyone works like a contract-worker.
6. It is forbidden to nationalize the property before the public reaches this moral level. The collective will not have fuel for work before there is a reliable moral factor in the public.
7. The entire world is one family. The framework of communism according to the Torah should ultimately embrace the entire world in an equal standard of living for everybody. However, the actual process is a gradual one. Each nation whose majority accepts these basic elements practically, and will have a sound cause for fuel, may enter the framework of international communism right away.
8. The economic and religious form that guarantees communism will be one for all nations, excluding religious forms that do not concern the economic life. On other matters of comportment, each will have his or her own form, which should not be changed.
9. The world must not be corrected in religious matters before the economic correction is guaranteed for the entire world.
10. There should be a detailed program of all the above-mentioned rules and the rest of the necessary rules in this regard. Anyone who comes under the framework of the communism must take a solemn oath.
11. First, there must be a small establishment whose majority will be altruists in the above manner. It means that they will work as diligently as contract-workers, ten to twelve hours a day and more. Each and every one will work according to his strength and receive according to his needs.
It will have all the forms of the government of a state. In this manner, even if the framework of this institution will contain the entire world, and the brute-force government will be revoked, nothing will need to be changed in both government and work.
This institution will be like a global focal point with nations and states surrounding it to the farthest corners of the world. All who enter this framework of communism shall have the same agenda and the same leadership as the center. They will be as one nation in profit, in loss and in expenses.
12. It is absolutely forbidden for any one from the institution to turn to any of the establishments of the brute-force regime. All conflicts are to be resolved amongst them, meaning between the concerned parties. The public opinion, which condemns egoism, will condemn the guilty for exploiting the righteousness of his friend.
13. It is a fact that the Jews are hated by most nations, and are made fewer by them. It is true for the religious, the secular, and the communists. There is no counsel for it except bringing the true altruistic ethics into the heart of the nations to the point of cosmopolitanism.
14. If one is forbidden to exploit one’s friends, why should a nation be allowed to exploit its fellow nations? Which occupancy justifies one nation enjoying the land more than other nations? Therefore, International Communism must be instituted.
As there are individuals that have been privileged by diligence, chance, or inheritance from ancestry to a greater share than the negligent, quite so among the nations. Hence, why should war on individuals be greater than against nations?
15. If you lived on an isle of savages that you could not bring to law and order except through religion, would you then doubt it and let them destroy each other? It is the same with altruism: they are all savages and there is no counsel they will accept if not through religion. Who would hesitate to abandon them to destroy each other with hydrogen bombs?
16. There are three rudiments to the expansion of faith: Satisfaction of Desires, Proof, and Circulation. Desires are like retaining the freedom of reward. There is also national reward – the nation’s glory. Proof: There is no existence for the world without it, all the more so in a time of atom-bombs. Circulation: If done diligently, it can also replace proof.
17. Because of the craving for possessions, it is impossible for the Altruistic Communism to come unless an Egoistic Communism comes first, as all the societies that wished to establish an Altruistic Communism have already shown, prior to Marxism. However, now that a third of the world has already laid down their rudiments on an Egoistic Communist regime, it is possible to begin establishing a durable Altruistic Communism based on a religious foundation.
18. Altruistic Communism will finally annul the brute-force regime completely, for “every man did that which was right in his own eyes.” It should not surprise us, as it was unbelievable that children could be educated by explanation, but only through the cane. However, today, most people have accepted that and reduce the forceful rule on children.
This regards children who have neither patience nor knowledge, but it is even more so regarding a collective of educated, knowledgeable people, brought up to altruism. They will certainly not need the brute-force regime. Indeed, there is nothing more humiliating and degrading for a person than being under the abstract brute-force government.
Even courthouses will not be necessary, unless some unusual event occurs where the neighbors will not affect an exceptional individual. In that case, special pedagogues will be needed to turn that person around through argumentation and explanation of the benefit of society, until that person is brought back in line. If one is stubborn, and it is all to no avail, then the public will turn away from that person as though from an outcast, until that person rejoins with the rules of society.
It turns out that after there is one settlement founded by altruistic communists, with a majority of people who have actively taken these rules upon themselves, they will immediately decide not to bring each other to any court, governmental agency or any other kind of force. Rather, everything will be done by persuasion. Hence, no person is to be accepted into the society before he is tested to see if he is so crude that he cannot be tutored into altruism.
19. It is good to make such a correction that no person will demand his needs from society. Instead, there will be selected people who will examine the needs of every one and provide for every single person. Public opinion will denounce one who claims something for oneself, such as today’s thief and scoundrel.
Thus, everyone’s thoughts will be devoted to bestowal upon one’s fellow person, as is the nature of any edification that cultivates it, even before one feels one’s own needs. If we want to jump on a table, we must prepare ourselves to jump much higher than the table, and then we will land on the table. However, if we want to jump only as high as the table, we will fall down.
20. Admittedly, the Egoistic Communism is but a step on the way, a sort of “From Lo Lishma to Lishma” (from not for Her Name to for Her Name). However, I say that the time for the second phase, namely Altruistic Communism, has arrived.
First, it must be established in one country, as a model. After that, the countries in the first phase will certainly accept it. Time is of the essence, since the shortcomings and brute-force used in Egoistic Communism, deter most of the cultural world from this method altogether.
Thus, the world must be introduced to the ideal communism, and then most civilized countries in the world will undoubtedly accept it. It is of great concern that imperialism will abolish communism from the world, but if our perfect method will actually be publicized, imperialism will certainly be left as a king with no armies.
21. Clearly, no stable and proper social life is possible until controversies among members of society are resolved by the majority. It therefore follows that there cannot be a good government of society unless the majority is good. A good society means that the majority in it is good, and a bad society means that the majority of it is bad. As I have said above, communism must not be established before the majority of the people operate with a desire to bestow.
22. No circulation can secure a coercive rule over future generations, and neither public opinion nor edification will help in this case, for they naturally weaken, as opposed to religion, which naturally strengthens. We see from experience that nations that have accepted religion first coercively and compulsively, observe them willingly in the following generation. Moreover, they are dedicated and devoted to it.
We must understand that, although the fathers took upon themselves communism because they were idealists, there is no guarantee that their children will follow them in this regime. Needless to say, if the fathers adopted communism by coercion, as is the manner in Egoistic Communism, it will not endure for generations, but will ultimately be overpowered and revoked. A government cannot be imposed except through religion.
When I say that communistic regime must not be instituted before there is an altruistic majority, I do not mean that they will be willingly idealistic. Rather, it means that they will keep it for religious reasons, in addition to public opinion. This coercion is one that will last for generations, for religion is the primary compeller.
23-24. The suffering, poverty, corruption, and war must be mentioned, as well as the widows and the orphans in the world, seeking salvation. There is no remedy for them except in Altruistic Communism. In such a state people will not find it so hard to dedicate their entire life to it, to save them from ruin and dreadful pains. It is even more so with young people, whose hearts have not been stupefied by their own shortcomings. Those will certainly support it with their heart and soul.
The Negative
1. If there is nationalization before the public is ready for it, meaning before each one has a sound basis, and secured cause for fuel to work, it is as though one ruins one’s little house before he has the means to build another house.
2. Public equality does not mean equalizing the level of the talented and successful to the level of the negligent and oppressed. This would completely ruin the public. Rather, it means allowing each person in the public a middleclass living standard. Thus, the negligent too would have as much freedom in their life as the middleclass.
3. The freedom of the individual must be kept if it is not harmful to the majority of the public. The detrimental must not be pitied; they must be made harmless.
4. Current communism endures because of the idealists that lead it. They were idealists before they became communists. However, the second generation, when the leaders will be elected by the majority of the public, will gradually be repealed, taking the form of Nazism or turning back to possessiveness. This is because nothing will stop them from exploiting other negligent nations.
5. Egoistic Communism holds no war-preventing element since the basis of all the wars is living territory, where each wants to build on the ruin of the other, whether justly, or because of envy that the other has more.
Communism based on “mine is mine” in a framework of equal division does nothing to remove the envy of the nations with each other, much less the nations’ lack of living space. It is also hopeless that the rich nations will give off their share to equalize with the poor since “mine is mine and yours is yours” does not necessitate that. Only communism of “mine is yours and yours is yours” will resolve that.
6. Even today we see that there is a global force that overpowered and conquered all the communist countries, behaving there as in its own home, just as it was in ancient history in Greece and Rome etc. There is no doubt that this force will split into pieces; we already find Tito. When they split up, they are certain to fight each other, for how does Russia govern Czechoslovakia, or the others, if not by the sword and the spear?
7. In communism, employers strive to diminish the consumption of the workers and increase their productivity. In imperialism, the employers want and act to increase the consumption of the workers, and to equalize productivity to consumption.
8. The rulers’ and supervisors’ class will ultimately create a sort of exile over the working class since all the workers leave their surplus in the hands of the rulers, who take the greater part from them. Hence, they will not let a single worker get away from under their hands to another country. Thus, the workers will be caged, guarded like Israel in Pharaoh’s Egypt.
9. The rulers and the inspectors are destined finally to put all the old and handicapped in the working class to death, arguing that they eat more than they make and they are parasites on the country. No one will die a natural death.
10. If communism spreads throughout the world, it will put to death every nation that eats more than it makes.
11. If the profiteers and the merchants will become allotters, the buyers will become receivers of charity from the hands of the allotters, and the allotters will do with them as they see fit, or as much as they are afraid of the inspectors.
12. Communism does not exist over an anti-communist society because a regime supported on bayonets and spears has no right to exist. Eventually, the majority in society will strengthen and overthrow that government. Hence, an altruistic majority must be established first, and the government will be supported on will.
13. The conduct of waves of hatred and envy will later turn against the backward; when communism is built on waves of hatred and envy, it will only succeed in overthrowing the backward, not in benefiting the backward. On the contrary, the same ones that have grown accustomed to hatred and envy will turn the arrows of hatred against the backward once the bourgeois are gone.
14. Egoistic Communism is certain to be at perpetual war with the public: the communist regime will be compelled always to war with the anti-communist by its very nature. This is because each person naturally tends to be possessive. People naturally tend to take the cream and leave the whey for others.
Nature does not change by schooling or public opinion; it is unimaginable that one will ever willingly agree. Army bayonets cannot turn nature around, much less edification and public opinion.
Naturally-born idealists are few. If you should say that theft and robbery are well guarded in the capitalistic regime, then I shall tell you that it is because the law permits legal competition. It is comparable to a person who gathers an association where the majority is murderers and robbers, and wants to rule and compel them to keep the law. However, regarding the annulment of property, everyone is a robber.
15. Israel is qualified to set an example to all the nations: Altruistic Communism is seldom found in the human spirit; hence, the nobler people must take upon it to set an example for the entire world.
16. The country is in danger; Altruistic Communism will help with the ingathering of the exiles. The nation is in danger because each will flee to a different place before the economy is stabilized. This is because not every person can endure while there is a way to live comfortably.
In the Altruistic Communism the ideal will shine upon all people, giving them satisfaction that will make the suffering worthwhile. Moreover, it will draw the ingathering of the exiles from all the countries because the worries and survival wars everyone experiences overseas will motivate them to return to their land and live peacefully and justly.
17. The philosophy is ready, meaning Kabbalah based on religion. Each practical method also requires a renewed idealistic nourishment to contemplate, meaning a philosophy. As far as this is concerned, there is already a complete and ready-made philosophy, meaning Kabbalah, though it is intended only for the leaders.
18. Why are we the chosen people? We must set a good example to the entire world because we are better qualified than all other nations. It is not because we are more idealistic than they are, but because we suffered from tyranny more than all other nations. For that reason, we are more prepared to seek counsel that will end tyranny from the land.
19. Ownership and the control are not identical. For example, the owners of the railway are the shareholders, and the control is in the hands of the managers, though they do not have even a single share. The same applies to the shipping company, where the shareholders have no right to control or advise.
Take warships for example. They are owned by the state, yet no civilian is permitted aboard them. In addition, if the state should be in the hands of the proletariat by way of ownership, the management will ultimately be in the hands of the same managers as now, or others of likewise temper. The proletariat will have no greater foothold and benefit than they do now, unless the rulers are idealists, caring for the good of every single individual.
In a word, from the perspective of the government, it makes no difference whether the ownership is given to capitalists or to the state. In the end, it is the managers who will control them, not the owners. Hence, the correction of society should relate primarily to the executives.
In a proletariat state the clerks and the managers would waste their energy much more than in capitalistic countries. This is because the government is oligarchic, not democratic. In simple words, the communists control anti-communists.
20. Oligarchy must be. That will never change since communism means idealism, which is not in possession of the majority. A condition where the communists rule over anti-communists is obliged to be in the hands of a group of autocratic executives in absolute dictatorship.
All the people in the country will be in their hands, baring no weight whatsoever. They must always keep the sword in their hands for killing, incarceration, concealed and revealed punishments, food depravation and all sorts of punishments, according to each executive’s arbitrary decision. All this is in order to keep the anti-communists in dreadful terror and fear, so that they work for the state and not ruin it inadvertently or maliciously.
21. In such a state, the executives must make sure the citizens have no possibility to choose a democratic management, since the majority of the country is anti-communists.
22. In such a state, where the communists control the anti-communists, the managers must make certain that their citizens have no possibility for advertisement, or to disclose the dreadful injustice that is done to the people of the state or to the minorities in the state.
In other words, the printers are not to print and the administrators of the lecture halls must watch over the speakers so that they do not criticize their deeds. They must punish anyone who plans, or even thinks of criticizing their acts. Thus, the government will have full control to deal with them arbitrarily; there will be no one to detain them.
23. Ethics cannot rely solely on pubic opinion, because public opinion necessitates only what is in the public’s favor. Hence, if one comes and proves that morality is harmful to the public and vulgarity is more beneficial, they will immediately discard morality and choose vulgarity, as Hitler testifies.
24. The egoistic Communism based on waves of envy and odium will never be rid of them, but when there are no bourgeois, they will cast their hate on Israel. We must not be mistaken that communism will cure the loathing of the nations. Only Altruistic Communism can be expected to bring that remedy.
Debate
1. Clearly, the motto “Each will receive according to his needs and work according to his skills,” is pure altruism. When this is applied, the majority of the public, or all of it, will be armed with the measure “mine is yours”. Hence, do tell, which are the elements that can bring the public to this desire? Today’s elements, namely the hatred of the capitalists and all sorts of animosities extending from it, will only bring one to the opposite. It will instill the measure of “mine is mine and yours is yours” in people, which is sodomite rule, the opposite of love of man.
2. I have nothing to say to those who go with the flow, only with those who have their own mind and the strength to criticize.
3. Engels’ fundamental concept states “The oppressed and exploited class cannot be liberated from the oppressing and exploiting class, without also liberating the entire society from exploitation, oppression and class struggle once and for all.”
This stands in contrast with contemporary communist conduct to slaughter and degenerate all the bourgeois parts of society. This powerful enmity will never be effaced from their children. It is also in contrast with the fact that they are establishing a sovereign, governing class, monitoring the working class. There is no more painful and regrettable class struggle than that. They pump out the fat from the workers’ marrow and leave them the residue, along with perpetual fear of death, or of being sent to Siberia.
Where is the salvation here? The bourgeois class was not at all so terrible. In fact, its shadow has been lifted from them since the workers have the power to strike against them. They’ve substituted it with a sovereign class, governing and ruling a class of exploited slaves who are perpetually terrorized by a punishment far worse than they had in their war against the bourgeois.
4. The country is divided into two classes: the diligent, and the backward. The diligent are the employers and the leaders; the backward are the workers and the led. It is a natural law that the diligent will exploit the backward. The only question is how much freedom, equality, and living standard do they leave for the backward. Also, how much labor will the diligent demand of them?
The backward are always the vast majority in society. The diligent are but ten percent of it, which is the exact amount needed to operate society. If the percentage is increased or decreased, there is a crisis.
These are the crises in the bourgeois society. Crises in the communist society will take a different form, but with the same amount of pain. The name “diligent” also includes their heirs and those who bribe the diligent. The name “backward” relates also to diligent who for some reason have been thrown into the backward class.
6. Regarding religion: the permanent moral state does not stem from religion, but from science. Morality based on public benefit is found in social animals too. However, this is not enough since it changes to vulgarity where it is harmful to society, as the great patriotic murderer, carried on the shoulders of the nationalists. Thus, only religion-based morality is durable, valid, and irreplaceable. We find the same among savage peoples, whose level of morality is far greater than civilized peoples.
7. A society cannot be good unless its majority is good. However, some stun or entice the evil majority with all sorts of contrivances until they are compelled to choose a good leadership. This is what all democracies do. Alas, the majority finally learns, or others teach them, and they choose an evil leadership that matches their ill will.
8. We must understand: why did Marx and Engels decide that perfection of communism means “Working according the skills and receiving according to the needs”? Who forced them into that? Why was it not enough to receive according to one’s production, and not to equalize one with a negligent, or with one without sons? The thing is that communism will not endure by way of egoism, but in the way of altruism, for the reasons I have presented above.
Foreword
1. I have already conveyed the rudiments of my perception in the year 1933. I have also spoken to the leaders of the generation, but at the time, my words were not accepted, though I was screaming like a banshee, warning about the destruction of the world. Alas, it made no impression.
Now, however, after the atom and hydrogen bombs, I think the world will believe me that the end of the world is coming rapidly, and Israel will be the first nation to burn, as in the previous war. Thus, today it is good to awaken the world to accept the only remedy, and they will live and exist.
2. We must understand why Marx and Engels necessitated the ultimate consensus, where each works according to his strength and receives according to his needs. In addition, why do we need that strict condition, being the measure of “mine is yours and yours is yours”, the absolute altruism?
In that regard, I have come to prove in this article that there is no hope for communism to exist, if it is not brought to this end, which is complete altruism. Until then, it is nothing but phases in communism.
After I have proven the rightness of the motto “Each according to his strength, and each according to his needs”, we must see if these phases are capable of yielding that outcome.
Today, the definitions, “bourgeois”, and “proletariat” are no longer sufficient to explain the history of economy. Rather, we need terms that are more general: the “Diligent Class” instead of the bourgeois, and the “Backward Class” instead of the proletariat.
After twenty-five years of experience, we are baffled regarding the complete happiness that the communist regime had promised us. Its opponents say it is completely evil, and its supporters say that it is heaven on earth.
Indeed, we must not cast off the words of the opponents at a stroke, because when one wants to know another’s properties, he must ask both his friends and his foes. It is a rule that the friends know only the virtue and not a single weakness, for “love covereth all transgressions.” The foes are the opposite; they know only the faults, for “hate covereth all virtues.”
Thus, one knows the truth when hearing the words of both. I wish to examine communism thoroughly, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. Mostly, I wish to explain the corrections, how all its shortcomings can be corrected so that everyone will see and admit this is indeed the government that brings both justice and happiness.
How happy we were when humanism came to practical experimentation in a nation as big as Russia. It was clear to us that after a few years the government of happiness and justice would appear before the entire world, and thus the capitalist government would vanish from the world in a wink of an eye.
Yet, that was not the case. Quite the contrary, all the civilized nations speak of the Soviet communist regime as of a bad deformity. Not only was the bourgeois government not cancelled, it rather grew twice as strong as before the Soviet experiment.
News
By the very same way they have exterminated the capitalists, they were also compelled to exterminate the farmers. In addition, in the sense of the joy of life, they will always be forced to destroy the proletariat. Although Marx and Engels were the first to place the correction of the world on the proletariat, it did not occur to them to do it coercively, but rather democratically. For that, the workers had to be the majority, and then establish a proletariat government where the leaders of the regime would gradually correct until they come to the abstract altruism – “each according to his actions, and each according to his needs.”
Lenin added to it the establishment of the communist regime through forcing the minority opinion over the majority, hoping that afterwards, altruism would be conducted among them too. All that was needed for that, was an armed state of proletariat. Since the property owners are scattered, the government could take it by force, and then come and defeat the weak and unorganized property owners.
In that, he disagreed with Marx and said that it is quite the opposite; in the backward countries it is easier to defeat them, as all that is needed is to turn the soldiers into communists and destroyers of the property owners, and take their property. It is easier to incite soldiers to kill and lute the property owners in a backward country.
That is why he understood that he will not find a cruder multitude than in his own country, and therefore said that his country will be first. However, when he saw that in fact, it was not enough to destroy the ten capitalistic percent, but that millions of farmers must also be destroyed, he grew tired, because it is impossible to destroy half a nation.
Then came Stalin, who said that the end justifies the means, and took upon himself the task of destroying the farmers. He was successful.
However, not one of them also considered that, in the end, they need the good will of the proletariat, so that they would work, and to instill the conduct of altruism in them, which would bring them to this motto. This is utterly impossible. Nature cannot be changed so that not only would one work according to one’s needs, but also for his friend’s needs. This is utterly impossible without coercion and enforcement. Ultimately, the majority will rise and revoke the regime.
Liars are those who say that idealism is either natural or a result of edification. Rather, it is a direct consequence of religion. As long as religion did not sufficiently expand through the world, the entire world was barbaric, without an ounce of conscientiousness.
Only after servants of the Creator expanded, did the posterity of the agnostics become idealists. Thus, the idealist is only so because of his ancestry’s commandment. However, it is an orphaned commandment, meaning without a commander.
If religion were to be cancelled altogether, all governments would then become Hitlers. Nothing would detain them from increasing the country’s benefits incessantly. Even today, governments know no sentiments. However, there is still a limit to their acts between the still and the idealists in the country. When religion is revoked, it will not be difficult for rulers to uproot the remaining ideals, as it was not hard for Hitler and Stalin.
The difference between the idealist and religious is that the idealist’s actions are baseless. He cannot convince anyone of his preference for justice, and who so necessitates it. Perhaps it is but faintness of heart, as Nietzsche said? He will not have a single sensible word to utter, and this is why Hitler and Stalin overpowered them. However, the religious will boldly counter that it is so commanded by the Lord, and would give his life for it!
If my words yield benefit, well and good. If not, the last generations will know why communism was revoked, that it was not because it could not be sustained alive, as capitalists state, but because the leaders did not understand how to establish the government. They erected a regime of egoism where they should have established a government of altruism.
If anyone should disagree with me and say that schooling will suffice for that, I permit him to establish for himself a society based solely on edification, but I will not partake in it. I know all too well that these are idle things. Thus, might he assist me in establishing a religion-based society?
Why did communism had to have taken the form of “each according to his strength and each according to his actions?” A communist government cannot endure over an anti-communist society, since a government supported on bayonets has no right to exist.
Communism built on waves of envy can only overthrow and ruin the bourgeois, but not benefit the backward proletariat. Conversely, the bourgeois could cast the arrows of odium at the backward.
Nothing can guarantee a powerful government for the future generations except religion. Even if the progenitors are idealists, there is no certainty that their progeny would pursue it. All the more so, if the progenitors had accepted it by force and coercion, which is the conduct in egoistic communism, they will ultimately rise and demolish it.
A communist regime cannot survive atop an anti-communist society. It would have to fight the anti-communists throughout its days. This is because every person is naturally possessive; one cannot work without motivation, meaning a purpose that is a motivating force.
The public’s bayonets will not turn man's nature around, and the idealists are few. Several thousand years of penalties rest on the heads of the thieves, the robbers and the fraudulent, and they have not changed their nature even though they can obtain everything legally.
It is much the same as one coming upon a society of thieves and murderers, wanting to lead them and restrict them legally by force. It must explode; the majority opinion is guaranteed to win. All the more so with communism; it will not sustain but through the majority of the public. We must perpetuate the moral level of the majority of the public in such a way that it will never be corrupted.
Religion is the only sound basis that will never be cancelled. Communism must be transformed to the lines of “mine is yours and yours is yours”, meaning absolute altruism. After the majority of the public reaches that, it will keep, “each will work according to his skills and receive according to his needs”.
Before the majority of the public reaches that level of morality, it is forbidden to nationalize the property for the above-mentioned reasons. Nationalization before the public is ready for it is similar to wrecking one’s house before one has the means to build a strong one.
Just division does not mean equalizing the diligent with the backward. This would be ruinous to the public. Rather, it means equalizing the backward with the diligent.
An egoistic communism exists now (in the year 1933 - ?) through a group of idealists that lead it. Yet, in future generations, the public will elect only the most successful, who are not limited by the idea, and then communism will take on the form of Nazism.
In the Egoistic Communism, the employers wish to reduce the consumption of the workers, and increase their produce, which will always be questionable if sufficient. Imperialism is better than that, since the employers want to increase the consumption of the workers and equalize the productivity with the consumption.
The definitions “bourgeois” and “proletariat” are no longer sufficient to explain history. Instead, it should be divided into “Diligent Class”, and “Backward Class”.
It is a natural law that the diligent class will exploit the backward class, just like fish in the sea, where the strong eat the weak. It makes no difference if the diligent are bourgeois, or the clerks of the communistic government. Rather, the question is how much freedom and enjoyment do they leave for the backward.
The diligent class is ten percent, and the backward class led by them is ninety percent of society. There is no correction for the backward unless they choose those diligent that will govern them. If they do not have that power, they will end up being eternally exploited by the diligent.
The diligent class, meaning the rulers and the inspectors, are bound to create an exile such as in Egypt over the backward class, which are the workers. This is because the rulers accumulate all the surplus of the workers in their hands, and take the greater part.
In addition, for purposes of the benefit of the public, they will not allow any worker to escape from under their hands to a different country; they will guard them like Israel in Egypt. No slave shall leave them and be free. Ultimately, the diligent class will put to death all the old and handicapped who eat and do not do, or even if they eat more than they can work, since it is detrimental to society, as it is known that they have no sentiments.
When merchants and brokers become the allotters, the buyers will become recipients of charity from their hands. Their fate would be determined by the Mercy of the allotters, or as much as they fear the inspectors, should they take an interest in that.
Since ownership and control are not the same, for example, with a ship that belongs to the state, every citizen has ownership over it, yet no right of entry, but only as the administration that controls it sees fit. Also, even if there is a proletariat government, they will have no antecedence in government properties than they have now in the bourgeois property. This is because all the control will be held by the executives alone, which are today’s bourgeois, or those like them.
Such a state, where communists govern anti-communists, must be in the hands of oligarchy, in complete dictatorship, where all the citizens are regarded as nothing, subject to brutal punishment according to the arbitrary heart of each and every manager. Otherwise, they will not secure the sustenance of the needs of the state. In such a regime, the government must make certain that there are no democratic elections since the majority of the public are anti-communists.
Egoistic Communism does not liberate the proletariat whatsoever. On the contrary, instead of bourgeois employers, who are lenient with the workers, they will institute a class of managers and supervisors who will enslave the proletariat with coercion and harsh and bitter punishment. The oppression and the exploitation will be doubled.
It will not be easier on them in any way, if the exploitation is for the good of the country, because in the end, the employers and the oppressors have the cream, and the workers get the whey. In return, they are placed under constant fear of death, or even harsher punishment than death.
This explains Hitlerism. What happened to the Germans is one of nature’s wonders. They were considered among the most civilized nations, and all of a sudden, overnight, they became savages, the worst among the most primitive nations in history.
Moreover, Hitler was elected by the majority’s vote. In light of the above, it is quite simple: indeed, the majority of the public, which is essentially evil, possesses no opinions, even among the most civilized nations. However, the majority of the public is deceived. Hence, even though the majority of the public is evil, the leadership can be good.
However, an evil person, capable of uncovering the deceit that the managers employ with the famous people they create, might come, and present the people that should be elected according to their spirit and desire, as did Hitler and Trotsky. In that case, it is no wonder that they overthrow the fraudulent, and elect evil leaders in accordance with their spirit.
In that manner, Hitler was indeed elected democratically, and the majority of the public united behind him. After that, he subdued and uprooted all the idealistic people, and did with nations as he wished, and as the people wished.
This is the whole novelty. Since the dawn of time, it has never happened that the majority of the public would govern a state. Either the autocrats did, who still have some measure of morality, or the oligarchy, or the deceitful democrats. The majority of the simple folk ruled only during Hitler’s days, who, in addition, promoted turpitude toward other nations.
He elevated public benefit to the level of devotion since he understood the frame of mind of sadists. When given room to discharge their sadism, they would pay for it with the lives.
Egoistic 'Democratic is unable to prevent wars. This is because the diligent nations, or the ones rich in raw materials, will not want to share equally with the poor and backward nations. Hence, once again we must not hope for peace, except by means of the prevention of wars, meaning by preparing armaments to guard against the envy and odium of the poor and backward nations, just as today. Even more so, wars will carry on due to changes in ideals, such as Titoism and Zionism.
If communism is just toward each nation then it is just toward all nations. What prerogative and ownership over raw materials in the soil has one nation over others? Who legislated this law? All the more so when they have acquired it by means of swords and bayonets!
Moreover, why should one nation exploit another if it is unjust to every individual? In a word: as abolition of property is just for the individual, so it is just for every nation. Only then will there be peace on earth.
Consider this: If possession and inheritance laws do not permit possession rights to individuals, why would they permit an entire nation? As just division is applied among individuals within the nation, there should also be internationally equal and just division for all nations in raw materials, productive means, and accumulated properties. There should be no difference between white and black, civilized and primitive, just as among individuals within a single nation. There should be no division whatsoever among individuals, a single nation, or all the nations in the world. While there is any differentiation, wars will not end.
There is no hope of reaching International Communism through Egoistic Communism. Even if America India and China should adopt a communistic regime, there is still no element that will compel Americans to equalize their living standard with the savage and primitive Africans and Indians.
All the cures of Marx and Lenin will be to no avail here, inciting the poor ilk to rob the rich ilk, since the rich have already made arms to guard themselves. Thus, if it is to no avail, then the entire Egoistic Communism was in vain; it will not prevent wars whatsoever.
It is a fact that Israel is hated by all nations, whether for religious reasons, racial reasons, capitalist reasons, communist reasons, or for cosmopolitan reasons, etc. It is so because the hatred precedes all reasons, but each merely resolves its loathing according to its own psychology. No counsel will help here, except to initiate an international, moral, and Altruistic Communism among all nations.
Israel must be the first among the nations to accept the Altruistic Communism. It must be a model demonstrating the good and beauty of this government. Because they suffer and will suffer from the tyranny of the nations more than all other nations, they are like the heart that burns before all other organs. Hence, they are better qualified to adopt the proper government first.
Our very existence in the state of Israel is in danger since according to the present economic order, it will take a long time before our economy is stabilized. Very few will be able to endure the experience of the ordeal in our country while they can immigrate to other, wealthy countries. Bit-by-bit, they will escape the discomfort until too few remain to merit the name “State”, and they will be swallowed among the Arabs.
If they accept the International Altruistic Communist regime, not only will they become the cornerstone for the delivery of the world, which will know that this is worth suffering, but they will also be able to control their souls and lower the living standard when needed. They will be able to work hard enough to secure a solid economy for the state.
It is even more so with kibbutzim, whose entire existence is built on idealism. This is because they will naturally diminish in the coming generations, as ideals are not hereditary. Undoubtedly, they will be the first to ruin.
Religion is the only sound basis to raise the moral level of society until each person works according to his ability and receives according to his needs. If you lived on an isle of savages, whose lives you could not save, preventing them from ferociously exterminating themselves, except by means of religion, would you then doubt ordering their lives with a religion that would suffice to save this nation from eradication from the world?
With respect to Altruistic Communism, everyone is savage. There is no ploy to impose such government on the world, except by means of religion. As we have seen happen in nations that have accepted religion by force and coercion, religious coercion becomes voluntary in the progeny.
However, in coercion through schooling and public opinion, which is not hereditary in the progeny, it only diminishes in time. Hence, would you say that it is better that the entire world destroys each other than to impose on them a certain cause to lead them to life and happiness? It is hard to believe that any sane person would hesitate here.
It is impossible to have a stable democratic society except by means of a society whose majority is good and honest, since society is led by the majority, for better or for worse. Hence, the Altruistic Communist regime must not be established unless the majority of the public is ready to commit to it for all times. That can only be secured through religion because the nature of religion is such that even though it begins coercively, it ends voluntarily.
Religion and idealism complement each other. Where the ideal cannot be in the majority, religion forcefully rules the primitive majority, unaccustomed to the idea because of its possessiveness, and its desire to work less than his friend, and to receive more.
It is impossible to erect the Altruistic Communism before the Egoistic Communism expands. However, now that a third of the world has accepted the Egoistic Communism, religion can be joined to establish Altruistic Communism.
Humankind will not suffice with dry decrees without accompanying them with reasonable explanations that support and strengthen these comportments, meaning a philosophic system. In that regard, there is already an entire philosophy about the will to bestow, which is the Altruistic Communism, sufficient to contemplate for one’s entire life, and thus strengthen one’s acts of bestowal.
Egoistic Communism will ultimately adopt the form of pure Nazism, but in the appearance of National Communism. However, this difference of names does not inhibit anyone from the satanic acts of Hitler. Thus, the Russians will be the “Master Nation”, and the entire world their submissive servants as in Hitler’s way.
In the bourgeois regime, free competition is the primary fuel for success. The industrialists and the merchants play in it; the winners are very happy, and those who do not win, suffer a bitter end. In between them, there is the proletariat, having no share in this game. It is seemingly neutral, neither rising nor falling. However, because of its ability to strike, its living standard is secured.
Ultimately, in both the communist and the bourgeois governments, the backward need protection. Although they are the majority of the public, they must still elect leaders from among the diligent. However, because they are elected by them, they can be hopeful of not being exploited by them so much.
Conversely, in the Egoistic Communist government, the managers are not elected by the majority of the public, since they are anti-communists, as in Russia and the others, where the elected are only from among the communists. Hence, they face a bitter end indeed, since the proletariat does not have a single representative in the leadership.
All the above adheres to the rule that the proletariat are anti-communists by nature. The proletariats are not idealists; they are the backward majority of society, and think that “just division” means that they receive an equal share with the diligent. The diligent will never want that.
My words are only to the proletariat, meaning to the backward, who are the majority of society. The diligent and the intellectuals will always suck the cream, either in a misguided communist government, or in a bourgeois government. It is reasonable to think that many of them will be better off in a communist regime, since they will not fear criticism. Only you, the backward proletariat, will be the worst off in a misguided communist regime.
However, the diligent ilk will have a different name: managers and supervisors. They will be better off because they will be rid of the competition, which takes its toll on the bourgeois, and will receive their share persistently and abundantly.
The backward have no counsel and contrivance to terminate the fear, the unemployment and ignominy, except Altruistic Communism. Hence, my words are not aimed at the diligent and the intellectuals, as they will certainly not accept my words, but only at the proletariat and the backward. They will be able to understand me, and to them I speak, as well as to those that spare the lives of the backward and sympathize with their anguish.
It is one of man's freedoms not to be tied to one place, like flora, which is not permitted to leave its habitat. Hence, each country must ensure that it does not inhibit citizens from going to another country. It must also be ensured that no country will close its gates before strangers and immigrants.
A government of Altruistic Communism must not be instigated before the majority of the public is prepared for bestowal upon one another.
Ultimately, Altruistic Communism will encircle the entire world, and the entire world will have the same living standard. However, the actual process is slow and gradual. Each nation, whose public has been tutored to bestowal upon one another, will enter the International Communistic framework first.
All the nations that have already entered the International Communistic framework will have an equal living standard. Thus, the surplus of a rich or diligent nation will improve the living standard of a backward or poor nation in raw materials and productive means.
The Religious Form
The religious form of all the nations should first obligate its members to bestowal upon each other to the extent that the life of one’s friend will come before one’s own life, of “Love thy friend as thyself”. One will not take pleasure in society more than a backward friend.
This will be the collective religion of all the nations that will come within the framework of communism. However, besides that, each nation may follow its own religion and tradition; one must not interfere in the other.
The rules of the equal collective religion for the entire world are as follows:
1. One should work for the well-being of people as much as one can and even more if needed, until there is not a single hungry or thirsty person in the entire world.
2. One may be diligent, but no person shall enjoy the society more than the backward. There will be an equal living standard for all souls.
3. Though there is religion, tokens of due honors should be imparted according to the religion; the greater benefit one contributes to society, the higher decoration one shall receive.
4. Refraining from working diligently to benefit society will induce punishment according to the laws of society.
5. Each and every one is committed to the labor of raising ever higher the living standard of the world society, so all the people in the world will enjoy their lives and will feel more and more happiness.
6. The same applies for spirituality, though not everyone is obligated to engage in spirituality except only special people, depending on the needs.
7. There will be a sort of high-court. Those who will want to dedicate their labor for spiritual life will have to be permitted to do so by this court.
Elaborating on the other necessary laws:
Anyone, individual, or a group, who comes under the framework of the Altruistic Communism, must take a solemn oath to keep all that because God has so commanded. At the very least one must pledge to teach one’s children that God has so commanded.
Those who say that the ideal is enough for them should be accepted and tested. If it is so, they may be accepted. However, they must still promise not to pass their heretical ways to their children, but hand them over to be educated by the state. If one accepts neither, he should not be accepted whatsoever. He would ruin the efforts of his friends and he would lose more than he would gain.
First, there must be a small establishment, where the majority of the public is willing to work as much as it can and receive as much as it need for religious reasons. It will work as diligently as contract-workers, even more than the eight-hour workday. It will have all the forms of government of a complete state. In a word, the order of that small society will be sufficient for all the nations in the world, nothing added or subtracted.
This institution will be like a global focal point with nations and states surrounding it to the farthest corners of the world. All who enter this framework of communism shall have the same agenda and the same leadership as the institution. Thus, the entire world will be a single nation, in profit, in loss and in expenses.
Judgments supported by force will be completely revoked in this institution. Rather, all conflicts among the members of the society shall be resolved amongst the concerned parties. General public opinion shall condemn anyone who exploits the righteousness of his friend for his own good.
There will still be a courthouse, but it will only serve to sort out doubts that will come between members, but it will not rely on any force. One who rejects the court’s decision will be condemned by public opinion, and that is all.
We should not doubt its sufficiency, as it was unbelievable that children could be educated by explanation, but only through the cane. However, today, the greater part of civilization has taken upon itself to refrain from beating children, and this upbringing is more successful than the previous method.
If there is one who is exceptional in society, he must not be brought before a court supported by force, but must be brought back and reformed through argumentation and explanation. If all the counsels are to no avail, then the public will turn away from that person as though from an outcast. Thus, he will not be able to corrupt others in society.
It is important to make such a correction, that no person will demand his needs from society. Instead, there will be appointees who will go from door to door, examining the needs of every one, and they will provide for him by themselves. Thus, everyone’s thoughts will be devoted to bestowal upon one’s fellow person, and he will never have to think of his own needs.
It is based on the observation, that in consumption, we are like any other animal. In addition, every loathsome act in the world stems from consumption. Conversely, we see that every joyous deed in the world comes from the attribute of bestowal upon one’s fellow person. Thus, we should scrimp and reject thoughts of consumption for self, and fill our minds with only thoughts of bestowal upon our fellow person. This is possible in the above manner.
The freedom of the individual must be kept as long as it is not harmful to society. However, one who wishes to leave in favor of another society must not be detained in any way, even if it is harmful to society, though it should be done in such a way that the society is not ruined altogether.
Propaganda
18. There are three rudiments to the expansion of religion:
1. Satisfaction of Desires:
In every person, even secular, there is an unknown spark that demands unification with God. When it sometimes awakens, it awakens one to know God, or deny God, which is one and the same. If someone generates the satisfaction of this desire in that person, he will agree to everything. To that we must add (regarding the immortality of the soul) the reward in the next world, the glory of the individual and the glory of the nation.
2. Proof:
There is no existence for the world without it, all the more so in a time of the atom and the hydrogen bombs.
3. Circulation:
People must be hired to circulate the above words in the public.
Egoist Communism precedes the Altruistic Communism; since because it controls a life for annulment of possessions, it is possible to tutor that the annulment of possessions will be because of the love of man.
The second phase of communism, being Altruistic Communism, must be hurried, since the shortcomings and force used in Egoistic Communism, deter the world from this method altogether. Hence, it is time to uncover the final stage of Altruistic Communism, which possesses all the pleasantness, and has no blemish.
We must also fear, lest the third war breaks out first, and communism will vanish from the world. in a word, there is no harder clout to the capitalist government than this above perfect form of communism.
We are already witnessing that the capitalistic regime is strong and the proletariat of the capitalistic countries also loath the communist regime. This is happening because of the coercion and the force necessitated in it because of the control of a small group of communists over an anti-communist society.
Hence we are not to expect that the regime will be cancelled by itself. Quite the contrary, time works in their favor. As long as communistic governments will surround the world, coercion and subjection will sabotage it. Every person utterly loathes them, since one will sacrifice everything for one’s freedom.
There is another thing: since communism is not expanding in civilized countries, but in primitive countries, eventually, there will be a society of rich countries with high living standard and capitalistic government, and a society of poor countries with a low living standard and a communist government. That will be the end of communism. Not a single free person will want to hear of it; it will be abhorred as the concept of slaves sold for life is abhorred today.
For expansion and propaganda: we must remember that all the agony, poverty and slaying etc. cannot be corrected except through Altruistic Communism. In that event, it will not be hard for one to give his life for it.
Judaism must present something new to the nations. That is what they expect from the return of Israel to the land! It is not in other teachings, for in that we never innovated; we were always their disciples. Rather, it is the wisdom of religion, justice and peace. In this, most nations are our disciples, and this wisdom is attributed to us alone.
If this return is cancelled, Zionism will be cancelled altogether. This is a very poor country, and its residents are destined to endure much suffering. Undoubtedly, either they or their children will gradually leave the country, and only an insignificant number will remain, which will ultimately be swallowed among the Arabs.
The solution for that is only Altruistic Communism. Not only does it unite all the nations as one, helping each other, it also endows each with tolerance to one another. Most importantly: communism produces great powers to work; hence, the labor productivity will compensate for the disadvantages of poverty.
If they accept religion, the Temple can be built and the ancient glory restored. This would certainly prove to the nations, the rightness of Israel’s return to their land, even the Arabs. However, a secular return, such as today's, does not impress the nations whatsoever, and we must fear lest they will sell Israel’s independence for their needs, needless to mention returning Jerusalem. This would even frighten the Catholics.
Thus far, I have shown that communism and altruism are one and the same, and also, that egoism and anti-communism are the same. However, all this is my own doctrine. If you ask the communist leaders themselves, they will deny it unreservedly.
Instead, they would maintain that they are far from any sentimentality and bourgeois morality, and seek only justice by way of “mine is mine and yours is yours”. All this has come to them because of their connection with the proletariat. Thus, let us examine things according to their perception, and scrutinize this justice they seek.
By today’s governments, the definitions “bourgeois” and “proletariat” are no longer sufficient to explain history. We need definitions that are more general. They should be determined by the names “diligent” and “backward” in the capitalistic regime and in the communistic regime.
Any society is divided into diligent and backward. Some twenty percent are diligent, and eighty percent are backward. It is a natural law that the diligent ilk exploits the backward ilk, like fish in the sea, where the strong eat the weak. In that regard, it makes no difference if the diligent are bourgeois capitalists, or the managers, supervisors and intellectuals. In the end, the same diligent twenty percent will always suck the cream, and leave the meager whey to the backward, whether from among the bourgeois, or from among managers and supervisors.
The basis of this entire explanation is the manifestation of the substance of creation, spiritual and corporeal, being nothing but the will to receive, which is existence from absence. However, what this substance receives extends existence from existence.
Thus, it is clearly known what is good, and what the Lord demands of us, namely, equivalence of form. By the nature of its creation, our body is but a desire to receive, and not to bestow at all. This is the opposite to the Creator, Who is all to bestow, and not to receive at all; from whom would He receive? It is in this disparity of form that creation has become separated from the Creator.
Hence, we are commanded to deeds in Torah and Mitzvot (precepts) that bring contentment to the Maker, and also to bestow upon one’s fellow person. This is in order to acquire the form of bestowal, and return and cleave to the Creator as before creation.
The Differences between Huar’s Method and Mine
1. He perceives the will to receive as an essence on its own, while I perceive it as a type and a predicate. Its essence may be unknown, but whatever it may be, it extends existence from existence.
2. He perceives the very desire as an ambition that no goal can end, but is rather a constant ascent and perpetual drive. With me, however, it is limited to receiving certain things, and can be satiated, meaning directed.
However, attaining the goal increases the will to receive, thus, he who has a portion wants a double portion. Prior to that, the will to receive was limited to obtaining only one portion; it did not want two. In this manner, the perpetual desire is an incident of the expansion of the desire; it is the will to receive itself.
3. He does not differentiate between the will to bestow and the will to receive. With me, the will to receive is the essence of the creature, which the will to bestow in it is a Godly Light, ascribed to the Creator, not to the creature.
4. He perceives the desire itself as an object, considering it a form and an occurrence in the object. With me, the emphasis is rather of the form of the desire, meaning the will to receive, but the carrier of the form of the will to receive is an unknown essence.
…Since he considers the desire the carrier, he must define some general, formless desire. Thus, he chooses the endless aspiration for materials, and what it wants is the form. Yet, in truth, there is no endless yearning here, but the growing desire, which grows according to the direction. This is the form and the incident in the desire.
A. In his method, it is an essence, in mine, a form.
B. In his method it is a never-ending desire, in mine, it is limited in its direction.
C. In his method, there is no difference between bestowing and receiving, in mine, the will to bestow is a spark of the Creator.
D. In his method, the yearning is a substance, and the quality of the reception, the form; in mine, the quality of the reception is the substance of creation and the carrier of the quality is unknown. Whatever it is, it is existence from existence.
The Leader of the Generation
The masses tend to believe the leader, that he has no personal commitments and interests, but has dedicated and abandoned his private life for the common good. Indeed, this is how it should be. If the leader harms a member of the public due to some personal interest, he is a traitor and a liar. Once the public learns of it, they will immediately trample him to the ground.
Personal Interests of the Individual
There are two kinds of personal interests:
1. Material interests;
2. Mental interests.
There is not a leader in the world who will not fail the public for mental interests. For example, if one is merciful, and hence refrains from uprooting evildoers and warning about them, then he ruins the public in favor of a personal interest. He might also be afraid of vengeance, even the vengeance of the Creator, and thus deter from the making of necessary corrections.
Thus, if he wishes to annul material interests, he will not wish to annul the idealistic or religious interests in favor of the public interest, though they may be only personal sensations. The general public has no dealings with them, for they notice only the word “interest”, since even the most idealistic thing does not stand in the way of “interest”.
Action Before Thought
As in desire and love, the exertion over an object creates love and appreciation toward the object. In much the same way, good deeds beget love for the Creator, love begets adhesion, and adhesion begets intelligence and knowledge.
Three Postulates
Seemingly Free;
Seemingly Immortal;
Seemingly Existing.
They are relative to the practical reason (ethics), to the most sublime good.
Truth and Falsehood
It is known that thought and matter are two modifications of the same thing. Thus, the psychological replica of absence and existence is truth and falsehood. In this manner, truth, like existence, is the thesis, and falsehood, like absence, is the antithesis. The desired synthesis is the progeny of both.
Public Opinion
The opinion of the individual is like a mirror where all the pictures of the beneficial and detrimental acts are gathered. One looks at those experiences, sorts out the good and beneficial ones, and rejects the acts that harmed him. This is called the Memory Brain.
For example, the merchant follows in his mind all kinds of merchandise where he suffered loses, and why. Likewise with merchandise that profited him, and the reasons. They are arranged like a mirror of experiences in his mind. Afterwards, he sorts out the good, and ejects the bad. Finally, he becomes a good and successful merchant. One deals in much the same way with every experience in life.
In much the same way, the public has a collective mind, a Memory Brain, and collective imagination, where all the acts related to the general public are imprinted, the beneficial and the detrimental. They also choose the beneficial acts and doers, and want those who do it to persist.
Moreover, all the beneficial acts and doers are imprinted in the imagining and remembering brain to motivate them into doing these things more and more. This is where ideals and idealism come from, as well as every good attribute, harmful and detrimental to the public.
They loath those and yearn for counsel to be rid of them. Hence, they praise and glorify the doers of the beneficial acts, to motivate them increasingly to these acts. This is where ideals, idealism, and every good attribute come from, as well as the wisdom of ethics.
Conversely, they will vehemently condemn the doers of detrimental actions, so as to stop and be rid of them. This is provenance of every evil trait, sin, and ignobility in the human species. Thus, only concerning benefit and harm, individual opinion operates just like public opinion.
The Corruption in the Public Opinion
The corruption is that the public is not arranged according to its majority, but only according to the powerful, meaning the assertive, as they say that twenty people rule all of France. In most cases, they are the rich, which are but ten percent of the public, and they are always the ignorant among the people, even in the eyes of the public.
They harm the public and exploit them. Hence, the public opinion is not in control of the world whatsoever. Rather, it is the opinion of the detrimental that controls the public. Thus, even the idealists that were sanctified in the world are but demons and evildoers regarding the majority of the public. Not only religion, but justice too is favoring the rich alone, all the more so ethics and idealism.
The Origin of Democracy and Socialism
This is where the idea of democracy stems from, so that the majority of the public will take the judicial system and the policy into their own hands. Socialism also, calls for the proletariat to take their destiny into their own hands. In short, the majority wants to determine public opinion, decide between beneficial and detrimental for them and determine the laws and ideals accordingly.
The Contradiction between Democracy and Socialism
As seen in Russia, ten percent control the entire public in complete dictatorship. The reason is simple: just division requires idealism. That is not found among the majority of the public. Hence, ultimately, there is no cure for that except to enforce it from above as religion. This will turn the entire public into idealists.
All these are compromises in the measurements of egoism of the individual, the state, or God’s servant. I say, “Any measure of egoism is faulty and detrimental, and there is no other arrangement except altruism, in the individual, the public, and the Lord”.
Materialistic Humanism
Materialistic Humanism states that substance fathers everything and that thought is the result of actions and sensations, much like a mirror. There is no freedom of will, only freedom of deed. However, not by itself, for evil actions induce evil actions and the freedom of deed is perceived by looking in the mirror through another person’s mind. Then one has the freedom to obey it, and not to choose from his own (mirror) mind. This is because every man's way seems right in his own eyes, and his mind always consents.
Outside this World
We must research and examine only subjectively and pragmatically (practically). This, nevertheless, is the conduct of the research in this world, though it is outside of it, as it contemplates by measurement clothed in the nature of this world, and also according the practical pragmatic benefit.
What is outside this world? Only the Creator is necessitated, since He is the place of the world, and the world is His place. It is He alone that we understand, for He is not different outside this world as well, unlike pantheism (multiplicity of gods).
This world is an objective term, which can be comprehended objectively as well. Its first principles are “time” and “space”. Outside this world, which are the worlds of AK and ABYA, only subjective comprehension is possible, without touching the object whatsoever.
The essence of the objects we define by the names ABYA follow the assumption that since everyone perceives so without exception, meaning the chosen few in every generation, which are the tens of thousands and the millions that were, and are destined to come. Thus, we have objective attainment there, though we do not touch the objects whatsoever.
From here come the four worlds above this world, though their nature is only subjective, clothing the natures of this world in the two ways – expansion and thought, namely parallelism, the parallel of the psycho-physical. This is so because we know any object by two forms: physical first, and psychic next, and they are always parallel.
It is known that many in this world too perceive the method of “expressionism”, meaning solely by subjective perception. However, I also conform to “impressionism” to explain concepts of this world as objectively as possible, minimizing the interference of subjective reinforcement.
The Essence of Religion
It is only understood pragmatically. The origin of faith is in the need for the truth in it, inasmuchas it satisfies that need. There are indeed two kinds of needs:
1. A mental need. Without it, life would become sickeningly detestable.
2. A physical need. This need appears primarily in the social order, as the philosopher Kant had written, “Faith is the basis of morality, and guards it”.
Naturally, sages will come solely from among those with the mental need, for they also need it objectively. However, the second part, namely truth, will also be satisfied subjectively. However, from LoLishma one comes to Lishma. The need comes first; it is the reason that necessitates faith.
The Leaders of the Public
For oneself, one may choose between expressionism and impressionism. However, the leaders are not permitted to lead the public in any other way but a positive and pragmatic one, meaning according to expressionism. This is because they cannot harm the public for their personal interest.
For example, they cannot instruct a certain faith to the public in order to understand their own impressionism, thus denying moral conduct and ethics from the public. If one does not control oneself, he had better resign and not harm the public with his ideals.
Perception of the World
The world was created through consequential evolution, according to the historic materialism and the dialectics of the philosopher Hegel of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. Indeed, it corresponds to the sensation of the Creator, from the still, vegetative, animate, and speaking, up to the prophecy, or the knowledge of God. Pleasure is the thesis, affliction is the antithesis, and the sensation outside one’s skin is the synthesis.
The Essence of Corruption and Correction is in the Public Opinion
As private opinion determines one’s own gains and loses and brings one to the most successful business, so public opinion determines the policy, and chooses the successful.
The principle: bestowal upon one’s fellow person.
Conduct: obligatory government – from deportment and Mitzvot (commandments) through living standard, to society.
The purpose and the goal: adhesion with Him. In my opinion, this is the last synthesis where absence is no longer concealed.
Good Deeds and Mitzvot
Locke said that there is nothing in the mind that does not come in the senses first. In addition, Spinoza said, “I do not want something because it is good, but it is good because I want it”. We must add that there is nothing in the senses that does not appear in actions first.
Thus, the acts beget senses, and senses beget understanding. For example, it is impossible for the senses to take pleasure in bestowal before they actually bestow. Moreover, it is impossible to understand and perceive the great importance of bestowal before it is tasted in the senses. Likewise, it is impossible to taste adhesion, before one performs many good deeds able to that, meaning by strict observance of this condition to bring Him contentment, or in other words, delight in the contentment given to the Creator by performing the commandment. After one feels the great pleasure in the acts, it can be perceived, and judged by that pleasure.
As we have said above, there are two modes to religion:
1. Lishma, which is pure utilitarianism, meaning aiming to establish thoroughly morality for one’s own good. One is satisfied when acquiring that tenor.
2. There is a second mode to religion, being a mental need to cleave to Him. This is called Lishma. That can be acquired by actions, and from Lo Lishma one comes to Lishma.
The Tenor of Life
There are three views in books and in research:
1. Ideologism, to attain adhesion with Him;
2. To acquire progress; this is called utilitarianism;
3. Corporeal pleasure of the flesh, called Hedonism or Kirenism.
I wish the view of Hedonism were correct. The trouble is that the pains are greater than the few sensual pleasures that one can delight in. Besides the flaw of the dying day, and the method of utilitarianism to bring progress to the world, there is a big question here: who enjoys this great progress that I pay so heavily for with pains and torments?
It seems that only ideologism, whose tenor is man's happiness, thereby improving the mental forces, imparts to one respect in life and a good name after his death. Kant mocked this method of establishing a moral thesis on an egoistic tenor and instructed doing in order to receive reward.
Modern science has chosen for itself utilitarianism, but only for the common good, meaning to bestow. This is also similar to “in order to receive reward,” and who would want that? There is also the question: what will this progress bring to the generations, for which I suffer so? To give that?
At the very least, I have the right to know what is required of progress, and how one will enjoy it. Who would be so gullible as to pay so heavily without knowing its effect? The whole trouble is that the pleasure is brief, and the torment, long. From all the aforementioned, you will find that the purpose of life, the tenor of life, is to attain His adhesion, strictly to benefit the Creator, or to merit the public to reach adhesion with Him.
Two Enslavements in the World
1. Enslavement to the Creator;
2. Enslavement to His creatures.
One of them is necessary. Even a king and a president necessarily serve the people. Indeed, the taste of complete freedom is only to the one who is enslaved to the Creator alone, and not to any being in the world. Enslavement is necessary, for reception is obscene; it is beastliness. And bestowal – to whom?
Contact with Him
People imagine that a person who has contact with the Creator is a person above nature, and that they should fear speaking to him, much less be in his immediate vicinity. It is human nature to fear anything outside the nature of creation. People are also afraid of anything uncommon, such as thunder and loud noises.
However, He is not so. This is because in fact, He owns nature. Hence, there is nothing more natural than coming into contact with one’s Maker, for He owns nature. In fact, every creature has contact with his Maker, as it is written, “The whole earth is full of His glory,” and not that one does not know and does not feel it.
Actually, one who attains contact with Him attains only the awareness. It is as though one has a treasure in his pocket, and he does not know. Along comes another who lets him know what is in his pocket, and now he really has become rich. Yet, there is nothing new here, no cause for excitation. In fact, nothing has been added. The same with one who has been granted the gift of knowing that he is the Creator’s son; nothing has been added in his actual reality but the awareness he had not had before.
Consequently, the attaining person even becomes more natural, simpler, and most humble. It might be said that before the endowment, that person and all the people were outside of the simple nature. This is because now he is equal, simple and understands all people, and is very much involved with them. There is no one closer to the folk than he is, and it is only him that they should love, for they have no closer brother than him.
Rebuilding the World
Personal opinion, public opinion, and the contrast between socialism and democracy, it is clear that until now public opinion evolved and was built according to the valued part in society, meaning the assertive. It is only recently that the masses that evolved through religion and through knowledge and revolutionists have perceived the method of democracy and socialism.
However, according to the natural law that “a wild ass’ colt is born a man,” man is an upshot of the wild animal, and the monkey, according to Darwin’s method. In addition, our sages say that after the sin, the human species descended to the monkeys, for “All before Eve are as a monkey before Adam.” However, in accordance with man's virtue, which consists in intellectual understanding, he continued to evolve through deeds and suffering to ultimately accept religion, politics and justice, and finally became civilized. Indeed, this entire development was placed solely on the shoulders of the better part of society, and the masses followed them like a herd.
When the masses opened their eyes to take their fate into their hands, they had to revoke all the corrections and laws of the assertive. This is because these were only according to the spirit of the assertive, according to their development and for their own good. Thus, they had to build the world anew.
In other words, they are like prehistoric people, the Darwinist ape, because they are not the ones who experienced all that, bringing them their measure of development. Until today, development was solely on the shoulders of the assertive, not on the masses, who, until now, were virgin soil.
Thus, the world is now in a state of total ruin. It is very primitive in the political sense, as in the time of the cavemen. They have not been through the experiences and the actions that brought the assertive to take upon themselves religion, manners, and justice.
Hence, if we let the world evolve naturally, today’s world must undergo the ruin and torments that the primitive man experienced, until they are compelled to accept permanent and expedient political justice.
The first fruit of the ruin came upon us in the form of Nazism, which is ultimately merely a direct upshot of democracy and socialism, meaning the leadership of the majority, once the restraints of religion, manners and justice have been removed.
It turns out that the world erroneously considers Nazism a particular upshot of Germany. In truth, it is the upshot of a democracy and socialism that were left without manners, religion and justice. Thus, all nations are equal in that; there is no hope at all that Nazism will perish with the victory of the allies. Tomorrow, the British will adopt Nazism, since they too live in a world of democracy and Nazism.
Remember, that democrats too must renounce religion, manners, and justice like the Marxists, because all these are loyal servants of the assertive in the public only. They always place obstacles before the democrats, or the better part of the public.
It is true that thinkers among the democrats keep a watchful eye that religion and manners are not destroyed at once, for they know that the world will be ruined. However, to that extent they also interfere with the government of the majority. Once the majority grows smart and understands them, it will certainly elect other leaders, such as Hitler, since he is a genuine representative of the majority of the public, be it German, British or Polish.
The One Counsel
Unlike the democrats, who wish to cancel religion and manners gradually, and adapt a new politics in a manner that will not ruin the world, the masses will not wait for them at all. Rather, as our sages say, “Do not ruin a house before you can build a new one in its place.” In other words, we are forbidden to let the majority take hold of the leadership before we build a religion, comportment, and politics suitable for them, because in the meantime the world will be ruined, and there will be no one with whom to speak.
The Majority is as Primitive as the Prehistoric Man
This is so because they have not tried to utilize justice, religion, and morality. Until today, others have been applying them. However, of course, all these came to the present state only through great pains in the path of causality and dialectics. The majority paid no heed to it, and at any rate, cannot grasp them.
The Quickest Action is Religion
In order to activate public opinion there are no new counsels in the majority. Efficiently, there is no quicker counsel than religion, the loathing of any measure of will to receive, and elevating the beauty of the will to bestow as much as possible. This must be done specifically by actions. Although the psycho-physical are parallel, still, the physical comes before the psychic.
The Prodigies
He is a product of the generation, has a strong inclination to bestow, and does not need a thing for himself. As such, he has equivalence of form with the Creator, and naturally, cleaves to Him. He extends wisdom and pleasure from Him and bestows upon humankind.
They are divided into two kinds: Either they work consciously, meaning to bestow contentment upon the Creator, and hence bestow upon humankind, or they work unconsciously, meaning they do not feel and know that they are in adhesion with the Creator. They cleave to Him unconsciously. They only bestow upon humanity, and according to that principle, there is no progress to humanity, except to instill the will to bestow in them, and multiply the prodigies in the world.
The Method
It is necessary in Kabbalah, according to the method of anthropocentricity, that the worlds were created for Israel, and that they are the purpose. Moreover, the Creator has consulted with the souls of the righteous. There is also the purpose of the prophecy: “And the whole earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord.” There is none more specific purpose than that.
The RAMBAM takes after the method of dysteleology, and says that the Creator has other purposes too, besides the human species. It is hard for him to comprehend that the Creator has created such a great creation, with planetary systems, where our planet “Earth” is like a grain of sand, and all this was only for the purpose of man's completeness.
Purpose is necessitated for any mindful being, and a purposeless operator is mindless. From His acts, we know Him. He created the world in still, vegetative, animate, and speaking. The speaking is the climax of creation, since it feels the other and bestows upon him. Atop them, there is the prophet who feels the Creator and knows Him. This is perceived as pleasing Him, and His purpose in the entire creation.
The philosopher Hegel asks, are there are necessarily purposeless creatures in nature, like many things on our planet, and the countless planets that humankind does not use at all? The answer is in accordance with the law that “The unknown does not contradict the known,” and that “The judge has only what his eyes see.” Perhaps there is still, vegetative, animate and speaking on all the planets, and in all the planets, the purpose is the speaking.
Likewise the unknown, and how can that contradict the known and familiar in the way of prophecy? This is simple: It is pleasurable for the Creator to create an object that will be qualified for negotiation with Him, and exchange opinions etc. There is also pleasure in having something that is not of the same kind, and we trust the prophecy entirely.
Causality and Choice
There is a path of pain, by which one pays unconsciously by dialectic laws, where each being conceals the absence within. The being exists as long as the absence in it has not appeared. When the antithesis manifests and evolves, it destroys the thesis, and brings in its place, a more complete being than the first, as it contains the correction of the previous antithesis.
This is so because any absence comes before the being, hence the second being is called synthesis. In other words, it consists and is an upshot of both, meaning the being and the absence that preceded this new being.
Truth follows the same pattern: it is always perfected by the path of pain, which are the thesis and the antithesis. Truer syntheses are always born, until the perfect synthesis appears.
What is Perfection?
This path of pain becomes clear in the historic materialism only over economic desires. Any thesis means a just government for the time being. Any antithesis means an unjust division in the economy, and any synthesis is a government that reconciles the antithesis that appeared, and nothing more. Hence, the absence is concealed here too. When the absence evolves, it destroys that synthesis too, and so on repeatedly, until the just division surfaces.
Path of Torah
It is placing fate in the hands of the oppressed. This accelerates the end to the extent that the oppressed watch over it. This is called “choice”, since now the choice is in the hands of the concerned parties. Thus, the path of pain is an objective act, the path of Torah is a subjective act, and fate is in the hands of the concerned parties.
The Majority and the Activists
Until now, the mind of the activists, who are the assertive, was determined and made up the mind of the entire public, hence the whole justice and morality.
Nihilism
Not complete nihilism, but nihilism of values, such as Nietzsche with regards to the values of Christianity, meaning all the values in the religious conducts, ethics and politics that have been thus far accepted in the perception of humanism.